How to Clean and Care for Gemstone Jewelry (By Gemstone Type)
Not all gemstones can be cleaned the same way. Some are tough enough for an ultrasonic cleaner; others can be damaged by the same process. Here's a practical, gemstone-by-gemstone guide to keeping your jewelry looking its best.
Durable Gemstones: Sapphire, Ruby, and Diamond
Sapphire and ruby rate 9 on the Mohs hardness scale, and diamond rates 10 — the hardest natural materials there are. These stones can generally handle warm water, mild dish soap, and a soft-bristled brush without issue. Gently scrub around the setting to remove buildup, rinse thoroughly, and pat dry with a soft cloth.
Moissanite: Nearly as Durable as Diamond
Moissanite rates 9.25 on the Mohs scale, just below diamond, and can be cleaned the same simple way — warm water, mild soap, and a soft brush. It holds up well to regular wear and doesn't require special handling.
Emerald: Handle With More Care
Emerald rates 7.5-8 on the Mohs scale, but it's more brittle than that number suggests, due to natural internal inclusions almost all emeralds have. Skip the ultrasonic cleaner and steam cleaning entirely for emerald jewelry — the vibration and heat can worsen existing fractures. Stick to a gentle wipe with a soft, damp cloth, and avoid soaking.
Pearl and Opal: The Most Delicate
Pearl rates just 2.5-4.5 on the Mohs scale and opal rates 5.5-6.5 — both are considerably softer than most gemstones. Never use soap, chemicals, or an ultrasonic cleaner on either. Wipe gently with a soft, dry cloth after each wear to remove oils and residue, and always put pearl or opal jewelry on after applying makeup, perfume, or hairspray, never before.
General Rules That Apply to Every Gemstone
Take rings off before swimming, cleaning with household chemicals, or heavy manual work. Store different pieces separately, since gemstones can scratch each other and softer metals. And if a stone ever feels loose in its setting, stop wearing it and have it checked by a jeweler before the stone is lost entirely.
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